Gum Disease Michigan | www.drnemeth.com | 248-357-3100 | Birmingham Bloomfield Hills Periodontist

According to the study's authors, only a small number of studies have reported on the clinical effectiveness of flossing for plaque removal and the promotion of healthy gums. Commenting on the study, Dr. Kenneth Kornman, editor of the Journal of Periodontology, said: "Twins tend to share the same or similar environmental factors such as dietary habits, health, and life practices, as well as genetics. In this case the only difference was flossing and the outcome was significant."
Dr. Susan Karabin, former president of the American Academy of Periodontology, adds: "Patients tend to think that flossing can't possibly make that much difference. But this study demonstrates flossing can significantly reduce the amount of periodontal disease-causing bacteria, even after just two weeks."

Want to learn about other ways to reduce periodontal bacteria and reduce your risk factors for gum disease? Visit Michigan Gum Specialist, Dr. Joseph Nemeth & Associates on the web at http://www.drnemeth.com/ or call the office at (248) 357-3100.

Prevention
The best way to prevent periodontal disease is with daily brushing and flossing as well as regular professional examinations and cleanings. Unfortunately, even with the most diligent home care, people can still develop some form of periodontal disease. Once the disease starts, professional intervention is necessary to control its progress.

Stages of Disease

• Phase One - Gingivitis. During this stage, gums may bleed during brushing or appear red and/or swollen.
  
• Phase Two - Early Periodontitis. Bleeding, puffiness and inflammation become more pronounced, and gums may begin to develop pockets of 3 to 4 millimeters in depth. X-rays may reveal a slight loss of bone.
  
• Phase Three - Moderate Periodontitis. Pockets between teeth and gum may range from 4 to 6 millimeters in depth. X-rays reveal bone loss.
  
• Phase Four - Advanced Periodontitis. Pockets are now in excess of 6 millimeters deep, and x-rays show severe bone loss. Teeth may become mobile or loose.

Risk Factors

Periodontal disease is an infection caused by certain species of bacteria. The presence of these bacteria does not automatically mean that someone will develop the disease. Other factors that contribute to disease development include:

• Genetics - Heredity can be a risk factor in about 50% of patients with periodontal disease.
  
• Smoking - Smoking is the #1 behavioral risk factor in periodontal disease.
  
• Medical conditions - Diabetes is well known to increase susceptibility by impairing the immune system and decreasing production of collagen and bone.
  
• Medications - Many medications can have harmful effects on oral health. These include certain heart and anti-seizure medications.
  Stress - Emotional stress may increase risk by depressing the immune system, making it more likely for a bacterial infection to gain a foothold.
  
• Others - Advancing age and poor nutrition can also contribute to periodontal disease. Changes in the levels of female hormones can make women more susceptible at various phases of their lives.